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Kimberly A. Gray, Publications
Journal Publications
1. S. Arnon, K.A. Gray, A.I. Packman, (2006) "Biophysicochemical process coupling controls nitrogen utilization by benthic biofilms," Limnology and Oceanography, accepted.
2. G. Li, K.A. Gray (2006). "Preparation of Mixed-phase Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites via Solvothermal Processing." Chemistry of Materials, accepted with revisions.
3. S. Ciston, K.A. Gray (2006). "Photocatalysis for Water Recovery: Importance of nanostructure in reactive membrane filtration," G.I.T. Laboratory Journal, in press.
4. S. Arnon, A.I. Packman, C.G. Peterson, K.A. Gray (2006) "The effects of overlying velocity on periphyton structure and denitrification," Journal of Geophysical Research, in press.
5. L. Chen, M.E. Graham, G. Li, K.A. Gray (2006) "Fabricating Highly Active Mixed Phase TiO2 Photocatalysts by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputter Deposition," Thin Solid Films, in press.
6. C.K. Ishida, J.J. Kelly, K.A. Gray, (2006) "Effects of variable hydroperiods and water level fluctuations on the denitrification capacity, nitrate removal, and benthic microbial community structure in constructed wetlands," Ecological Engineering, 28:363-373.
7. T. Sirivedhin, K.A. Gray, (2006) "Factors Affecting Denitrification Rates in Experimental Wetlands: Field and Laboratory Studies," Ecological Engineering, 26:167-181.
8. D.C. Hurum, A. G. Agrios, S.E. Crist, K.A. Gray, T. Rajh, M.C. Thurnauer, (2006) "Probing reaction mechanisms in mixed phase TiO2 by EPR," Journal of Electron Spectroscopy, 150:2-3:155-163.
9. T. Sirivedhin, K.A. Gray, (2005) "Identifying Anthropogenic Markers in Surface Waters Influenced by Treated Effluents: A Tool in Potable Water Reuse," Water Research, 39:1154-1164.
10. T. Sirivedhin, K.A. Gray, (2005) "Comparison of the Disinfection Byproduct Formation Potentials between a Wastewater Effluent and Surface Waters," Water Research, 39:1025-1036
11. D. Hurum, K. Gray, T. Rajh, M. Thurnauer, (2005) "Recombination Pathways in the Degussa P25 Formulation of TiO2: Surface versus Lattice Mechanisms," J.Phys.Chem B, 109:977-980.
12. A. Agrios, K. Gray, E. Weitz, (2004) "Narrow Band Irradiation of Homologous Series of Chlorophenols on TiO2: Charge Transfer Complex Formation and Reactivity." Langmuir, 20, 5911-5917
13. D. Hurum, K. Gray, T. Rajh, M. Thurnauer, (2004) "Photo-initiated Reactions of 2,4,6-TCP on Degussa P25 formulation TiO2: Wavelength Sensitive Decomposition," J.Phys.Chem.B, 108:16483-16487.
14. H.J. Binns, K.A. Gray, T. Chen, M.E. Finster, M. Peneff, P. Schaefer, V. Ovsey, J. Fernandes, M. Brown, B. Dunlop, (2004) "Evaluation of Landscape Interventions to Reduce Potential Exposure to Lead-Contaminated soil in Urban Residential Yards; The Safer Yards Project," Environmental Research, 96:127-138.
15. M.E. Finster. K.A. Gray, H. Binns, (2004) "Lead Levels of Vegetables Grown in Contaminated Residential Soils: A Field Survey," Science of the Total Environment, 320, 245-257.
16. J.A. Kostel, KA. Gray A. St.Amand, (2003) "The Impact of Metal and Organic Contaminants on the Structure of Periphyton in Lotic Sediments: Observations at Various Scales," International Journal of Sediment Research, 18:2:214-222.
17. D.C. Hurum, A.G. Agrios, K.A. Gray, T. Rajh, M.C. Thurnauer, (2003) "Explaining the Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Mixed Phase TiO2 Using EPR," J.PhysChemB, vol 107, pp. 4545-4549.
18. A.
Agrios, K.A. Gray,
19. M. Bonifacic, K-D. Asmus, K.A. Gray, (2003) "On the Reaction of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol with hydroxyl Radicals: New Information on Transients and their Properties," J. Phys. Chem A, 107, 1307-1312.
20. G.A. Zacheis, K.A. Gray and P.V. Kamat, (2001) "Radiation induced catalytic dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene on oxide surfaces," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 105:4715-4720.
21. G.A. Zacheis, K.A. Gray, P.V. Kamat (2000) "Radiolytic reduction of hexachlorobenzene in surfactant solutions: A steady-state and pulse radiolysis study." Environ. Sci. Technol. 34:3401-3407.
22. J.A. Kostel, H. Wang, A. St.Amand, and K.A. Gray, (1999) "1. Use of a Novel Laboratory Stream System to Study the Ecological Impact of PCB Exposure in a Periphytic Biolayer," Water Research, 33:18:3735-3748.
23. H. Wang, J.A. Kostel, A. St.Amand, and K.A. Gray, (1999) "2. The Response of a Laboratory Stream System to PCB Exposure: Study of Periphytic and Sediment Accumulation Patterns," Water Research, 33:18:3749-3761.
24. G.A. Zacheis, K.A. Gray and P.V. Kamat, (1999) "Radiation-Induced Phenomena on Oxide Surfaces: Catalytic Degradation of Hexachlorobenzene on Alumina Nanoparticles," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 103:2142-2150.
25. D.C. Schmelling, K.A. Gray, and P.V. Kamat, (1998) "Radiolytic Behavior of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Aqueous Solution." Environmental Science and Technology, 32:7:971-974.
26. K.A. Gray and M.R. Cleland, (1998) "Environmental Radiolysis for Soil and Sediment Treatment: Comparison of Gamma and High Energy Electron Beam Systems." Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, 3:1:22-36.
27. Ulick Stafford, Kimberly A. Gray and Prashant V. Kamat, (1997) "Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol. A Model." Research on Chemical Intermediates, 23:4:355-388.
28. D. C. Schmelling, K. A. Gray and P. V. Kamat, (1997) "The Impact of Solution Matrix on the Photocatalytic Degradation of TNT," Water Research, 31:6:1439-1447.
29. Ulick Stafford, Kimberly A. Gray and Prashant V. Kamat, (1997) "Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol. The Effects of Varying TiO2 Concentration and Light Wavelength," Journal of Catalysis, 167:25-32.
30. D. L. Widrig, K. A. Gray and K. S. McAuliffe, "Removal of Algal-derived Organic Material by Preozonation and Coagulation: Monitoring Changes in Organic Quality by Pyrolysis-GC-MS," (1996) Water Research, 30:11:2621-2632.
31. D. C. Schmelling, K. A. Gray and P. V. Kamat, (1996) "The Role of Reduction in the Photocatalytic Degradation of TNT," Environmental Science & Technology, 30:2547-2555.
32. Ulick Stafford, Kimberly A. Gray and Prashant Kamat, "Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants: Halophenols and Phenols," (1996) Heterogeneous Chemistry Reviews, Vol. 3, 77-104.
33. M.S. Dieckmann and K.A. Gray, (1996) "A Comparison of the Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol via Direct and Sensitized Photocatalysis in TiO2 Slurries," Water Research, 30:5:1169-1183.
34. R.J. Hilarides, K.A. Gray, J. Guzzetta, N. Cortellucci, C. Sommer, (1996) "The Radiolytic Degradation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on Soil: Feasibility, System Design and Economic Evaluations," Water Environment Research, 68:2:178-187.
35. K.A. Gray and R.J. Hilarides, "Radiolytic Treatment of Dioxin Contaminated Soils," (1995) Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 46:4-6:1081-1084.
36. D.C. Schmelling and K.A. Gray, "Photocatalytic Transformations and Mineralization of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) in TiO2 Slurries," (1995) Water Research, 29:12:2651-2662.
37. K.A. Gray, C.R. O'Melia, and C. Yao, (1995) "Inorganic Metal Polymers: A Comparison of Aluminum and Iron(III) Polymers for Water Treatment. I. Preparation and Characterization of Polymers," Journal of American Water Works Association 87:4:136-146.
38. R. Baretto, K.A. Gray, and K. Anders, "Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl-tert-butyl Ether in TiO2 slurries: A Proposed Reaction Scheme," (1995) Water Research, 29:5:1243-1248.
39. R.J. Hilarides, K.A. Gray, J. Guzzetta, N. Cortellucci, and C. Sommer, "Radiolytic Degradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in Artificially Contaminated Soils," (1994) Environmental Science and Technology, 28:13:2249-2258.
40. K.A.
Gray and U.
41. R.J. Hilarides, K.A. Gray, J. Guzzetta, N. Cortellucci, and C. Sommer, (1994) "Radiolytic Degradation of Dioxin on Soil: Optimal Conditions and Economic Considerations," Environmental Progress, 13:4:263-268.
42. K.
Vinodgopal, U.
43. Ulick Stafford, K.A. Gray and P.V. Kamat, (1994) "Radiolytic and TiO2-assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol. A Comparative Study," Journal of Physical Chemistry, 98:6343-6351.
44. M.S. Dieckmann, K.A. Gray, and R.E. Zepp, (1994) "The Sensitized Photocatalysis of Azo Dyes in a Solid System: A Feasibility Study," Chemosphere, 28:5:1021-1034.
45. U. Stafford, K.A. Gray, P.V. Kamat, and A. Varma, (1993) "An in situ Investigation of Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol on a TiO2 Powder Surface By FTIR Spectroscopy," Chemical Physics Letters, 205:1:55-61.
46. M. Dieckmann, K.A. Gray, and P. Kamat, (1992) "Photocatalyzed Degradation of Adsorbed Nitrophenolic Compounds on Semiconductor Surfaces," Water Science and Technology, Vol. 25, No. 3, 277-279.
47. K.A. Gray, (1991) "Direct Filtration of Model and Natural Waters: The removal of turbidity versus natural organic carbon," Water Supply, 9, 521-525.
48. K.A. Gray, F. Bernazeau, C. Hubele, (1989) "Upgrading a slow sand filtration plant for micropollutant removal," Water Supply, 7, 203-212.
Manuscripts (in review or preparation)
C.A. Ng, M.B. Berg, D.J. Jude, J. Janssen, P.M. Charlebois, K.A. Gray, L.A.N. Amaral, (2006) "Integrative modeling of an aquatic food web reveals surprising bioaccumulation patterns in evolving benthified ecosystems." Environmental Science & Technology, in review.
C.K. Ishida, C. Peterson, K.A. Gray, (2005) "The influence of algal assemblage characteristics on the denitrification rates and bacterial community structure in periphyton grown on benthic mesh substrates in restored wetlands" Microbial Ecology, to be submitted.
G. Li, K.A. Gray, (2005) "Development of TiO2-based semiconductor nanocomposites as highly active photocatalysts," Chemical Reviews, to be submitted.
G. Li, L. Chen, M.Graham, K.A. Gray, (2006) "Comparison of TiO2 Nanocomposite Photocatalysts Synthesized by Sol-gel and PVD Methods," in preparation.
C. Liu, K. Nakano, E. Obuchi, T. Oike, N. Yukihira, D. Hurum, K. Gray, "Photocatalytic decomposition of formaldehyde using titania coated lime tile," JAOT, in review.
S.I. Chang, K.A. Gray, (2006) "Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Extracellular DNA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by Pyrolysis/GC/MS," Journal Applied and Analytical Pyrolysis, accepted pending revision.
S.I. Chang, K.A. Gray, M. Parsek, (2006), "Chemical Characterization of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms," Environ. Sci. Technol., to be submitted.
Monographs and Book Chapters (*indicates Peer Review)
A. Agrios, K. Gray, (2005) "Beyond
Photocatalytic Environmental Remediation: Novel TiO2 Materials and Applications," in Environmental
Catalysis, V. Grassian, ed. (Marcel Dekker),
M. Starkey, K. Gray, S.I. Chang, M. Parsek, (2004) "A Sticky Business: The EPS Matrix of Bacterial Biofilms", in Microbial Biofilms, M. Ghannoum and G. A. O’Toole, eds. (ASM Press), Chapter 10.
B.A.Ankenman, K.A. Gray, (2001) "The
Detached Plume Study: Statistical Analysis of Causative Factors in Portland Cement Manufacturing Plants." (Portland Cement Association,
K.A. Gray, (2000) "The Establishment of Stream Standards for Total Organic Carbon: Scientific and Engineering Basis," testimony before Colorado Water Quality Board.
* K.A. Gray, A.H. Simpson and K.S. McAuliffe, "Use of PY-GC-MS to Study the Nature and Behavior of NOM in Water Treatment." In Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter, Roger Minear and Gary Amy, eds. (ACS Symposium Series 649, Washington, D.C., 1996) 159-181.
*R.J. Hilarides, K.A. Gray, J. Guzzetta, N. Cortellucci, and C. Sommer, "Degradation of Chlorinated Dioxins on Soil using 60Co Gamma Radiation: Considerations and Optimiation," in Chemical Oxidation: Technology for the 90's, Vol. 4, J. Roth and A. Bowers, eds. (Technomics, Lancaster, PA, 1996) 205-218.
*D.C. Schmelling and K.A. Gray, "Photocatalytic Transformations of TNT in Titania Slurries: An Analysis of the Role of Interfacial Nitrogen Reduction Utilizing g-Radiolysis," in Chemical Oxidation: Technology for the 90's, Vol. 4, J. Roth and A. Bowers, eds. (Technomics, Lancaster, PA, 1996) 173-184.
*U. Stafford, K.A. Gray, and P.V. Kamat, "Photocatalytic Oxidation of 4-Chlorophenol on Titanium Dioxide: A Comparison with g-Radiolysis," in Chemical Oxidation: Technology for the 90's, Vol. 4, J. Roth and A. Bowers, eds. (Technomics, Lancaster, PA, 1996) 193-204.
*L. Weitzman, K.A. Gray, R.W. Peters, F.K. Kauahara, and J. Verbicky, (1994), Innovative Site Remediation Technology, Vol. II: Chemical Treatment, American Academy of Environmental Engineers, Annapolis, MD, 200 p.
*K.A. Gray, P. Kamat, U. Stafford, and M. Dieckmann, "Mechanistic Studies of Chloro- and Nitrophenolic Degradation on Semiconductor Surfaces," Environmental Aspects of Surface and Aquatic Photochemistry, D. Crosby, R. Zepp, and G. Heltz, eds., (Lewis Publishers/CRC Press, 1994) 399-408.
D.C. Schmelling and K.A. Gray, "Feasibility of Photocatalytic Degradation of TNT as a Single or Integrated Treatment Process," TiO2 Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air, David Ollis and Hussain Al-Ekabi, eds., (Elsevier Publishers, 1993), 625-632.
K.A. Gray, U.
*C.R. O'Melia, K.A. Gray, C. Yao, Polymeric Metal Coagulants, American Water Works Association Research Foundations, Denver, CO, 1989.
T.D. Waite, K.A. Gray, "Oxidation and coagulation of wastewater effluent utilizing the ferrate(VI) ion," in Chemistry for Protection of the Environment, L. Pawlowski, A.J. Verdier, and W.J. Lacy, editors (Elsevier Science Publishing Co., 1984) pp. 407-420.
Conference Proceedings
D.L. Widrig, K.A. Gray and K.S. McAuliffe, 1996. Removal of Algal-Derived Organic Material by Preozonation and Coagulation: Monitoring Changes in Organic Quality by Pyroysis-GC-MS, in Proceedings of AWWA 1996 Annual Conference.
K.A. Gray, A.H. Simpson and K.S. McAuliffe, 1995. Use of PY-GC-MS to Study the Nature and Behavior of NOM in Water Treatment, in Proceedings of the 210th ACS National Meeting, 35:2:635-638.
U.
D.C. Schmelling, K.A. Gray and P.V. Kamat, 1995. The Role of Nitrogen Reduction in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds, in Proceedings of the 210th ACS National Meeting, 35:2:484-486.
K.A. Gray, 1995. Use of Ionizing Radiation to Destroy Pollutants, in Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 1995 Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, 72:132-133.
K.A. Gray, 1994. Treatment of Soils and Sediments: Radiolytic
Destruction of Chlorinated Dioxins Using Cobalt-60, Pages in Proceedings of NSF
Workshop on Applications of Ionizing Radiation for Decontamination of
Environmental Resources,
M.S. Dieckmann, K.A. Gray and P.V. Kamat, 1994. The Sensitized Photocatalysis of a Mixed Reactant System of 4-Chlorophenol and 4-Nitrophenol. Pages 726-732 in Proceedings of the 1994 National Conference on Environmental Engineering “Critical Issues in Water and Wastewater Treatment” (J.N. Ryan and M. Edwards, eds.) American Society of Civil Engineers.
K.A. Gray and R.J. Hilarides, 1994. Innovative Treatment of Soil Contamination: Radiolytic Destruction of Dioxin and Co-Contaminants by Cobalt-60. Pages 733-736 in Proceedings of the 1994 National Conference on Environmental Engineering "Critical Issues in Water and Wastewater Treatment" (J.N. Ryan and M. Edwards, eds.) American Society of Civil Engineers.
D.C. Schmelling and K.A. Gray, 1994. Photocatalytic Transformation and Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in TiO2 Slurries. Pages 751-755 in Proceedings of the 1994 National Conference on Environmental Engineering "Critical Issues in Water and Wastewater Treatment" (J.N. Ryan and M. Edwards, eds.) American Society of Civil Engineers.
K.A. Gray, A. St. Amand, and H. Wang, 1993. "Role of a Periphytic Biolayer in the Fate of PCBs in Artificial Stream Systems," Proceedings of the First International Specialized Conference on Contaminated Aquatic Sediments: Historical Records, Environmenal Impact, and Remediation, (IAWQ), 271-280.
K.A. Gray and K. McAuliffe, 1991. "Use of Pyrolysis-GC-MS to Study the Organic Matrix of Surface Waters," Proceedings of Water Quality Technology Conference, AWWA, Part II, November, 1991, 1219-1231.
Published Reviews
Book review of Radioactive Waste Management (Y.S. Yang and J.H. Saling) for Environmental Progress.
"Report on the First International Conference on TiO2 Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air," published in European Photochemistry Association Newsletter (47:50-53) and the Inter-American Photochemical Society Newsletter.
Research Reports
C.K. Ishida, K.A. Gray (2005)
"Hydraulic Effects on Biological Diversity and Water Quality in Constructed
Wetlands," Final Report to
K.A. Gray (2001) "Physical, Chemical,
& Biological Characterization of Swam
M.E. Finster, K.A. Gray (1999) "The
Urban Heat Island, Photochemical Smog, and
"Characterization of the Organic
Matrix of the
"Removal of DBP Precursors by Optimized Coagulation and Precipitative Softening: Use of PY-GC-MS to Monitor Coagulation Effectiveness ," American Water Works Research Foundation, October, 1996.
"Evaluation of Organic Quality in
Prado Wetland and
"Removal of DBP Precursors by Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption: PY-GC-MS Characterization of Organic Quality," American Water Works Research Foundation, Nov. 1995.
"Monthly Monitoring of Prado
Wetland Using PY-GC-MS,"
"Pyrolysis-GC-MS
Analysis of Various Contaminated Groundwater Samples," Institut für
Wasservorsorge, Universität für Bodenkultur, (
"Metal Ion Concentrations in KDF Treated Ground-Water," KDF Fluid Treatment Inc., March, 1994.
"Safety Kleen Rerefinery Waste Water Evaluation," Safety Kleen Corp., March, 1992.
"Jar Test Results for Polyferric Sulfate: Comparison of Various Waters and Other Coagulants," submitted to Midland Resources, February, 1992.
"The Role of Water Hardness in Performance of Aqualenc for the Coagulation of Clay Turbidity," submitted to Rhone-Poulenc Chemical Company, July, 1991.
"Characterization of Polyferric Sulfate Solutions," submitted to Midland Resources, Inc. and Kemiron Inc., May 1991.
"Radiolytic Destruction of Organics," submitted to Occidental Chemical Company, October 1991.
Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University
Fax: (847) 467-4011, Email: k-gray@northwestern.edu
Last modified: 12-18-06
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