%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
71 0 obj
<>stream
application/pdf
Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
PaperPort http://www.scansoft.com
2013-01-21T22:13:13-06:00
2013-01-21T22:13:13-06:00
uuid:de5e8bde-e764-40fe-820d-af09cb2d19df
uuid:236d97c1-c071-4146-9252-0a55810af3d8
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>>
endobj
58 0 obj
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>>
endobj
69 0 obj
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>>
endobj
68 0 obj
[]
endobj
112 0 obj
<>stream
q
443 0 0 671 0 0 cm
/Im0 Do
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0077 Tc 3 Tr 11.2 0 0 11.2 211.29 621.83 Tm
(304 )Tj
0.0354 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 43.4 599.5 Tm
(the )Tj
0.029 Tc 1.482 0 Td
(additional )Tj
0.0261 Tc 4.468 0 Td
(strain )Tj
0.0263 Tc 2.556 0 Td
(caused )Tj
0.0454 Tc 3.093 0 Td
(by )Tj
-0.0045 Tc 1.227 0 Td
(cracks. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0.05 Tc 10.489 0 0 9 195.05 599.5 Tm
(It )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0244 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 203.17 599.5 Tm
(can )Tj
0.0266 Tc 1.653 0 Td
(be )Tj
0.0211 Tc 1.177 0 Td
(combined )Tj
0.0411 Tc 4.328 0 Td
(with )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.7132 0 0 9.5 291 599.5 Tm
(any )Tj
0.0337 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 307.88 599.5 Tm
(model )Tj
0.0173 Tc 2.856 0 Td
(representing )Tj
-0.035 Tc 9.2014 0 0 9.5 385.88 599.5 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0464 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 43.42 588.71 Tm
(undamaged )Tj
0.0207 Tc 5.202 0 Td
(material )Tj
0.0364 Tc 3.591 0 Td
(between )Tj
-0.0088 Tc 3.754 0 Td
(cracks. )Tj
0.0149 Tc -10.003 -1.946 Td
(The )Tj
0.0178 Tc 1.749 0 Td
(microplane )Tj
0.0337 Tc 4.876 0 Td
(model )Tj
0.0326 Tc 2.831 0 Td
(with )Tj
0.0133 Tc 2.121 0 Td
(kinematic )Tj
0.0193 Tc 4.262 0 Td
(constraint )Tj
0.0244 Tc 4.32 0 Td
(can )Tj
0.0063 Tc 1.641 0 Td
(also )Tj
0.0224 Tc 1.854 0 Td
(represent )Tj
0.0094 Tc 4.085 0 Td
(localized )Tj
-0.0241 Tc 3.914 0 Td
(fracture )Tj
-0.035 Tc 8.9739 0 0 9.5 43.79 559.66 Tm
(\(a )Tj
-0.0121 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 53.17 559.66 Tm
(crack\). )Tj
-0.0038 Tc 3.138 0 Td
(For )Tj
0.0354 Tc 1.644 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0066 Tc 1.508 0 Td
(case )Tj
0.0211 Tc 2.021 0 Td
(of )Tj
0 Tc 1.06 0 Td
(a )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.5149 0 0 9.5 149.03 559.66 Tm
(pure )Tj
0.0082 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 169.64 559.66 Tm
(tensile )Tj
0.012 Tc 2.947 0 Td
(fracture )Tj
-0.0128 Tc 3.485 0 Td
(\(no )Tj
0.0351 Tc 1.589 0 Td
(shear )Tj
-0.0078 Tc 2.48 0 Td
(crack\), )Tj
0.012 Tc 3.005 0 Td
(fracture )Tj
0.0285 Tc 3.461 0 Td
(always )Tj
-0.0072 Tc 3.184 0 Td
(occurs )Tj
-0.035 Tc 9.1468 0 0 9.5 387.73 559.66 Tm
(on )Tj
0.0201 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 43.88 549.1 Tm
(various )Tj
0.0125 Tc 3.36 0 Td
(microplanes )Tj
0.0259 Tc 5.357 0 Td
(within )Tj
0 Tc 2.972 0 Td
(a )Tj
0.018 Tc 0.759 0 Td
(certain )Tj
0.0327 Tc 3.116 0 Td
(range )Tj
0.0211 Tc 2.644 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0069 Tc 1.087 0 Td
(inclinations. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0.0062 Tc 9 0 0 9 279.76 549.1 Tm
(This )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0247 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 299.72 549.1 Tm
(might )Tj
0.0266 Tc 2.757 0 Td
(be )Tj
0.0315 Tc 1.223 0 Td
(seen )Tj
-0.0116 Tc 2.161 0 Td
(unrealistic )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0.05 Tc 10.8502 0 0 8.8 43.93 538.79 Tm
(if )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0354 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 51.8 538.79 Tm
(the )Tj
-0.0008 Tc 1.507 0 Td
(finite )Tj
0.0155 Tc 2.375 0 Td
(elements )Tj
0.0276 Tc 3.891 0 Td
(are )Tj
0.0101 Tc 1.518 0 Td
(large )Tj
0.0289 Tc 2.272 0 Td
(although )Tj
0.0012 Tc 3.949 0 Td
(microscopically )Tj
0.0119 Tc 6.714 0 Td
(inclined )Tj
0.005 Tc 3.568 0 Td
(microcracks )Tj
0.0234 Tc 5.171 0 Td
(always )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.509 0 0 9.5 375.99 538.79 Tm
(OCcur. )Tj
0.0045 Tc 9.3 0 0 9.3 44.12 528.22 Tm
(As )Tj
0.011 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 56.53 528.22 Tm
(described, )Tj
0.0354 Tc 4.454 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.5363 0 0 9.5 113.25 528.22 Tm
(new )Tj
0.0337 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 132.2 528.22 Tm
(model )Tj
0.0326 Tc 2.881 0 Td
(with )Tj
0.0083 Tc 2.084 0 Td
(static )Tj
0.0221 Tc 2.379 0 Td
(constraint )Tj
0.0323 Tc 4.345 0 Td
(cannot )Tj
0.0337 Tc 3.014 0 Td
(model )Tj
0.0153 Tc 2.822 0 Td
(complex )Tj
0.0115 Tc 3.797 0 Td
(triaxial )Tj
-0.0072 Tc 3.111 0 Td
(behavior )Tj
-0.0115 Tc -33.687 -1.085 Td
(for )Tj
0.0084 Tc 1.491 0 Td
(fracture )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.5985 0 0 9.5 91.66 517.91 Tm
(under )Tj
0.0129 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 118.21 517.91 Tm
(compressive )Tj
0.0072 Tc 5.427 0 Td
(stresses, )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.6534 0 0 9.5 204.95 517.91 Tm
(but )Tj
0.0373 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 221.24 517.91 Tm
(might )Tj
0.0274 Tc 2.754 0 Td
(model )Tj
0 Tc 2.922 0 Td
(a )Tj
0.0094 Tc 0.785 0 Td
(localized )Tj
0.0077 Tc 3.991 0 Td
(crack )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.5614 0 0 9.5 344.39 517.91 Tm
(band )Tj
0.0463 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 367.33 517.91 Tm
(or )Tj
-0.035 Tc 9.351 0 0 9.5 378.13 517.91 Tm
(crack )Tj
0.0161 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 44.36 507.11 Tm
(more )Tj
-0.0066 Tc 2.493 0 Td
(efficiently )Tj
0.0461 Tc 4.431 0 Td
(when )Tj
0.0354 Tc 2.677 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0357 Tc 1.668 0 Td
(narrow )Tj
0.0077 Tc 3.377 0 Td
(crack )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.5614 0 0 9.5 207.59 507.11 Tm
(band )Tj
0.0463 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 231.25 507.11 Tm
(or )Tj
0.0077 Tc 1.213 0 Td
(crack )Tj
-0.0183 Tc 2.578 0 Td
(is )Tj
0.0176 Tc 1.045 0 Td
(parallel )Tj
0.0085 Tc 3.508 0 Td
(to )Tj
0.0354 Tc 1.213 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0311 Tc 1.642 0 Td
(mesh )Tj
-0.0003 Tc 2.621 0 Td
(lines )Tj
-0.0086 Tc 2.196 0 Td
(and )Tj
0.0084 Tc -35.672 -1.112 Td
(fracture )Tj
0.0118 Tc 3.588 0 Td
(can )Tj
0.0125 Tc 1.819 0 Td
(occur )Tj
0.0309 Tc 2.678 0 Td
(on )Tj
0.0125 Tc 1.422 0 Td
(microplanes )Tj
0.0211 Tc 5.475 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0292 Tc 1.187 0 Td
(only )Tj
0.034 Tc 2.248 0 Td
(one )Tj
0.0083 Tc 1.895 0 Td
(direction. )Tj
0.0149 Tc 4.776 0 Td
(The )Tj
0.0156 Tc 1.968 0 Td
(fracture )Tj
0.0337 Tc 3.646 0 Td
(model )Tj
0.0309 Tc 3.049 0 Td
(on )Tj
-0.0324 Tc 1.422 0 Td
(these )Tj
0.0074 Tc -35.141 -1.112 Td
(microplanes )Tj
0.0443 Tc 5.331 0 Td
(must )Tj
0.0193 Tc 2.452 0 Td
(represent )Tj
0.0038 Tc 4.184 0 Td
(frictional )Tj
0.013 Tc 4.069 0 Td
(interlock )Tj
-0.0042 Tc 3.991 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0077 Tc 1.162 0 Td
(crack )Tj
-0.012 Tc 2.551 0 Td
(forces )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.8699 0 0 9.5 296.52 485.99 Tm
(and )Tj
0.0268 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 315.01 485.99 Tm
(dilatancy )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.7132 0 0 9.5 355.08 485.99 Tm
(and )Tj
-0.0135 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 373.33 485.99 Tm
(can )Tj
-0.035 Tc 9.0829 0 0 9.9 389.03 485.99 Tm
(be )Tj
0.001 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 44.73 475.43 Tm
(specified )Tj
0.0307 Tc 4.022 0 Td
(independently )Tj
0.0211 Tc 6.416 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0354 Tc 1.195 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.015 Tc 1.693 0 Td
(microplane )Tj
0.0263 Tc 5.021 0 Td
(laws )Tj
0.0326 Tc 2.306 0 Td
(with )Tj
0.0133 Tc 2.298 0 Td
(kinematic )Tj
0.0202 Tc 4.464 0 Td
(constraint, )Tj
0.0159 Tc 4.834 0 Td
(which )Tj
-0.035 Tc 9.4561 0 0 9.5 378.62 475.43 Tm
(gives )Tj
0.0234 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 44.76 464.63 Tm
(additional )Tj
-0.0242 Tc 4.371 0 Td
(flexibility. )Tj
0.0018 Tc 4.327 0 Td
(With )Tj
0.048 Tc 2.174 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0101 Tc 1.44 0 Td
(kinematic )Tj
0.0151 Tc 4.212 0 Td
(constraint, )Tj
0.0228 Tc 4.555 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.014 Tc 1.407 0 Td
(crack )Tj
-0.0005 Tc 2.374 0 Td
(friction )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.8699 0 0 9.5 310.92 464.63 Tm
(and )Tj
0.0236 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 327.73 464.63 Tm
(dilatancy )Tj
0.0209 Tc 4.025 0 Td
(need )Tj
-0.0305 Tc 2.072 0 Td
(not )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 8.4964 0 0 9.3 44.7 454.07 Tm
(be )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0196 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 56.13 454.07 Tm
(represented )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.6887 0 0 9.5 103.67 454.07 Tm
(by )Tj
0.0354 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 116.12 454.07 Tm
(the )Tj
0.015 Tc 1.491 0 Td
(microplane )Tj
0.0193 Tc 4.895 0 Td
(law )Tj
0.0179 Tc 1.727 0 Td
(because )Tj
0.0338 Tc 3.483 0 Td
(they )Tj
0.015 Tc 2.038 0 Td
(are )Tj
0.0346 Tc 1.499 0 Td
(taken )Tj
0.0263 Tc 2.52 0 Td
(into )Tj
0.0231 Tc 1.867 0 Td
(account )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.6887 0 0 9.5 334.07 454.07 Tm
(by )Tj
0.0354 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 346.52 454.07 Tm
(the )Tj
-0.0164 Tc 1.542 0 Td
(resistance )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.7132 0 0 9.5 44.76 443.5 Tm
(and )Tj
0.0024 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 61.57 443.5 Tm
(cracking )Tj
0.0211 Tc 3.688 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0119 Tc 1.012 0 Td
(inclined )Tj
0.0125 Tc 3.518 0 Td
(microplanes )Tj
-0.035 Tc 9.3761 0 0 9.5 189.59 443.5 Tm
([16], )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.6534 0 0 9.5 208.31 443.5 Tm
(but )Tj
0.0338 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 223.4 443.5 Tm
(then )Tj
0.0228 Tc 2.046 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0351 Tc 1.454 0 Td
(shear )Tj
0.0089 Tc 2.438 0 Td
(resistance )Tj
0.0323 Tc 4.236 0 Td
(cannot )Tj
0.0266 Tc 3.017 0 Td
(be )Tj
-0.0099 Tc 1.177 0 Td
(controlled )Tj
0.0286 Tc -33.169 -1.111 Td
(independently )Tj
0.0211 Tc 6.214 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0228 Tc 1.068 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0267 Tc 1.508 0 Td
(opening )Tj
0.012 Tc 3.612 0 Td
(fracture )Tj
0.0211 Tc 3.462 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0228 Tc 1.068 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0047 Tc 1.491 0 Td
(microplanes. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0.05 Tc 9.5635 0 0 8.8 68.84 414.71 Tm
(In )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0203 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 79.57 414.71 Tm
(contrast )Tj
-0.0168 Tc 3.595 0 Td
(to )Tj
0.0354 Tc 1.061 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0221 Tc 1.569 0 Td
(previous )Tj
0.0308 Tc 3.854 0 Td
(attempts )Tj
0.0489 Tc 3.865 0 Td
(at )Tj
0.0152 Tc 1.069 0 Td
(modelling )Tj
0.0463 Tc 4.464 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0311 Tc 1.082 0 Td
(strain )Tj
0.0214 Tc 2.627 0 Td
(softening )Tj
0.0454 Tc 4.133 0 Td
(by )Tj
-0.0078 Tc 1.336 0 Td
(microplanes )Tj
0.0326 Tc -32.311 -1.138 Td
(with )Tj
0.0083 Tc 2.211 0 Td
(static )Tj
0.0176 Tc 2.505 0 Td
(constraint, )Tj
0.0082 Tc 4.757 0 Td
(this )Tj
0.0221 Tc 1.812 0 Td
(constraint )Tj
-0.0183 Tc 4.473 0 Td
(is )Tj
0.038 Tc 1.019 0 Td
(used )Tj
0.0178 Tc 2.348 0 Td
(here )Tj
0.0124 Tc 2.114 0 Td
(only )Tj
-0.0115 Tc 2.172 0 Td
(for )Tj
0.0266 Tc 1.542 0 Td
(obtaining )Tj
0.0354 Tc 4.327 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0132 Tc 1.609 0 Td
(cracking )Tj
-0.0115 Tc 3.861 0 Td
(strain, )Tj
0.0148 Tc -34.749 -1.086 Td
(while )Tj
0.0069 Tc 2.478 0 Td
(before )Tj
-0.035 Tc 8.5989 0 0 9.5 95.05 393.58 Tm
([5] )Tj
0.0179 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 106.94 393.58 Tm
(it )Tj
0.0336 Tc 0.765 0 Td
(was )Tj
0.038 Tc 1.82 0 Td
(used )Tj
0.0011 Tc 2.162 0 Td
(for )Tj
0.0203 Tc 1.416 0 Td
(obtaining )Tj
0.0354 Tc 4.125 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0118 Tc 1.491 0 Td
(total )Tj
0.0104 Tc 2.009 0 Td
(strains. )Tj
0.0114 Tc 3.289 0 Td
(This )Tj
-0.0183 Tc 1.996 0 Td
(is )Tj
0.0354 Tc 0.891 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0191 Tc 1.492 0 Td
(reason )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.7714 0 0 9.5 338.37 393.58 Tm
(why )Tj
-0.0018 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 358.07 393.58 Tm
(previously )Tj
0.0354 Tc -32.972 -1.136 Td
(the )Tj
0.0274 Tc 1.465 0 Td
(model )Tj
0.0406 Tc 2.88 0 Td
(turned )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.5533 0 0 9.5 114.13 382.79 Tm
(out )Tj
0.0262 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 129.1 382.79 Tm
(unstable )Tj
0.0223 Tc 3.705 0 Td
(in )Tj
0.0208 Tc 1.02 0 Td
(post-peak )Tj
0.013 Tc 4.219 0 Td
(behavior, )Tj
0.0148 Tc 4.065 0 Td
(while )Tj
0.0354 Tc 2.5 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0301 Tc 1.494 0 Td
(present )Tj
0.0337 Tc 3.281 0 Td
(model )Tj
-0.0183 Tc 2.848 0 Td
(is )Tj
-0.0004 Tc 0.828 0 Td
(stable. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 9.1644 0 0 9.5 384.38 382.79 Tm
(The )Tj
0.0101 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 44.84 372.23 Tm
(kinematic )Tj
0.0221 Tc 4.313 0 Td
(constraint )Tj
-0.0183 Tc 4.422 0 Td
(is )Tj
0.0326 Tc 0.993 0 Td
(not )Tj
0.0062 Tc 1.619 0 Td
(possible )Tj
0.0309 Tc 3.686 0 Td
(without )Tj
0.0112 Tc 3.528 0 Td
(calculating )Tj
0.0354 Tc 4.807 0 Td
(the )Tj
0.0181 Tc 1.592 0 Td
(total )Tj
0.0311 Tc 2.111 0 Td
(strain )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.5571 0 0 9.5 327.49 372.23 Tm
(on )Tj
0.0354 Tc 9.5 0 0 9.5 340.52 372.23 Tm
(the )Tj
-0.0103 Tc 1.617 0 Td
(microplane )Tj
-0.0055 Tc -32.747 -1.112 Td
(level, )Tj
0.0229 Tc 2.425 0 Td
(including )Tj
0.0354 Tc 4.2 0 Td
(the )Tj
-0.0005 Tc 1.507 0 Td
(elastic )Tj
0.0138 Tc 2.776 0 Td
(strain. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5148 0 0 7.5001 44.85 335.74 Tm
(Acknowledgment. )Tj
0.0322 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 107.68 335.74 Tm
(This )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.6681 0 0 7.5001 123.35 335.74 Tm
(paper )Tj
7.5657 0 0 7.5001 143.01 335.74 Tm
(was )Tj
0.0412 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 156.93 335.74 Tm
(written )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.7447 0 0 7.5001 181.35 335.74 Tm
(during )Tj
0 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 204.62 335.74 Tm
(a )Tj
0.0461 Tc 0.669 0 Td
(saba )Tj
0.0113 Tc 1.963 0 Td
(tical )Tj
0.0373 Tc 1.915 0 Td
(leave )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5122 0 0 7.5001 256.47 335.74 Tm
(of )Tj
0.0472 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 263.96 335.74 Tm
(the )Tj
0.017 Tc 1.496 0 Td
(first )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.7366 0 0 7.5001 289.1 335.74 Tm
(author )Tj
7.9058 0 0 7.5001 311.9 335.74 Tm
(at )Tj
0.0466 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 319.45 335.74 Tm
(Northwestern )Tj
-0.0143 Tc 6.139 0 Td
(University, )Tj
0.049 Tc -42.761 -1.151 Td
(funded )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.8432 0 0 7.5001 69.35 327.11 Tm
(by )Tj
-0.0066 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 79.1 327.11 Tm
(CIRIT )Tj
0.0308 Tc 2.783 0 Td
(\(Generalitat )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.0488 0 0 7.5001 139.34 327.11 Tm
(de )Tj
0.0403 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 148.94 327.11 Tm
(Catalunya, )Tj
0.0155 Tc 4.871 0 Td
(Barcelona, )Tj
0.0199 Tc 4.593 0 Td
(Spain\). )Tj
0.0256 Tc 3.375 0 Td
(Financial )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.6243 0 0 7.5001 275.87 327.11 Tm
(support )Tj
0.0179 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 302.78 327.11 Tm
(from )Tj
0.0322 Tc 2.281 0 Td
(research )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.613 0 0 7.5001 348.16 327.11 Tm
(grant )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.0626 0 0 7.5001 366.91 327.11 Tm
(PB90'{\)598 )Tj
0.049 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 44.78 318.46 Tm
(funded )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.0739 0 0 7.5001 70.31 318.46 Tm
(by )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
8.6238 0 0 7.9001 80.77 318.46 Tm
(aCYl' )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.034 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 105.25 318.46 Tm
(\(Madrid, )Tj
0.0199 Tc 4.121 0 Td
(Spain\), )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.8332 0 0 7.5001 161.42 318.46 Tm
(and )Tj
0.0073 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 176.3 318.46 Tm
(from )Tj
-0.012 Tc 2.377 0 Td
(AFOSR )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5058 0 0 7.5001 220.72 318.46 Tm
(grant )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3741 0 0 7.5001 239.9 318.46 Tm
(91'{\)141 )Tj
0.0464 Tc 7.6 0 0 7.6 266.36 318.46 Tm
(to )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5338 0 0 7.5001 275.29 318.46 Tm
(Northwestern )Tj
0.0209 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 323.01 318.46 Tm
(University, )Tj
-0.0099 Tc 5.049 0 Td
(is )Tj
0.0075 Tc 0.992 0 Td
(gratefully )Tj
0.0378 Tc -43.138 -1.119 Td
(acknowledged. )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 10.1247 0 0 12.2 189.77 290.15 Tm
(REFERENCES )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
7.1303 0 0 7.5001 57.26 277.18 Tm
(\(1\) )Tj
7.0415 0 0 7.5001 69.03 277.18 Tm
(G.1. )Tj
0.0211 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 82.24 277.18 Tm
(Taylor )Tj
-0.0242 Tc 2.972 0 Td
(\(1938\). )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0 Tc 9.3 0 0 9.3 126.87 277.18 Tm
(J )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.0321 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 131.58 277.18 Tm
(Inst )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.8048 0 0 8.2 145.26 277.18 Tm
(Metals )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
-0.0047 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 167.17 277.18 Tm
(62, )Tj
0.0146 Tc 1.44 0 Td
(307-324. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.0149 0 0 7.5001 57.17 268.55 Tm
([2\) )Tj
7.2799 0 0 7.5001 68.97 268.55 Tm
(S.B. )Tj
0.0159 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 82.99 268.55 Tm
(Batdorf, )Tj
-0.035 Tc 6.4231 0 0 7.5001 111.31 268.55 Tm
(B. )Tj
0.0362 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 119.71 268.55 Tm
(Budianski )Tj
-0.0188 Tc 4.6 0 Td
(\(1949\). )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 7.809 0 0 8.2 177.65 268.55 Tm
(National )Tj
-0.0299 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 205.55 268.55 Tm
(Advisory )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.7867 0 0 8.2 234.55 268.55 Tm
(Committee )Tj
7.3605 0 0 8.2 268.21 268.55 Tm
(for )Tj
7.9943 0 0 8.2 278.98 268.55 Tm
(Aeronautics )Tj
-0.0036 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 316.86 268.55 Tm
(\(NA.C.A\), )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0141 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 351.76 268.55 Tm
(Technical )Tj
-0.0287 Tc 4.3 0 Td
(Note )Tj
-0.0014 Tc -41.983 -1.153 Td
(No.1871, )Tj
0.0331 Tc 3.961 0 Td
(Washington )Tj
-0.0107 Tc 5.375 0 Td
(DC. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.2412 0 0 7.5001 56.93 251.03 Tm
([3\) )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.7646 0 0 7.5001 68.78 251.03 Tm
(O.e. )Tj
0.0272 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 84.92 251.03 Tm
(Zienkiewicz, )Tj
0.029 Tc 5.689 0 Td
(G.N. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.7666 0 0 7.5001 144.91 251.03 Tm
(Pande )Tj
-0.0188 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 166.93 251.03 Tm
(\(1977\). )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 7.8393 0 0 8.2 189.9 251.03 Tm
(Int )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 10.3 0 0 10.3 199.84 251.03 Tm
(J )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 8.1635 0 0 8.2 204.53 251.03 Tm
(Numer )Tj
-0.0323 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 227.39 251.03 Tm
(Anal )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.851 0 0 8.2 243.66 251.03 Tm
(Meth )Tj
6.7754 0 0 8.2 261.2 251.03 Tm
(GeotTlech )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
-0.0066 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 289.4 251.03 Tm
(1, )Tj
0.012 Tc 0.957 0 Td
(219-247. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.2412 0 0 7.5001 57.17 242.15 Tm
([4\) )Tj
0.0077 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 69.03 242.15 Tm
(G.N. )Tj
0.0471 Tc 2.245 0 Td
(Pande, )Tj
-0.0286 Tc 3.2 0 Td
(K.G. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5656 0 0 7.5001 125.6 242.15 Tm
(Sharma )Tj
-0.0188 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 152.29 242.15 Tm
(\(1983\). )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 8.0633 0 0 8.2 175.26 242.15 Tm
(Int )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 9.9 0 0 9.9 185.44 242.15 Tm
(J )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 7.0624 0 0 8.2 190.12 242.15 Tm
(NutTIer )Tj
8.1025 0 0 8.2 212.98 242.15 Tm
(Anal )Tj
7.9717 0 0 8.2 229.02 242.15 Tm
(Meth )Tj
7.472 0 0 7.9001 246.55 242.15 Tm
(Geomech, )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
7.3002 0 0 7.5001 276.62 242.15 Tm
(7, )Tj
0.0146 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 283.57 242.15 Tm
(397-418. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.0149 0 0 7.5001 57.17 233.75 Tm
([5\) )Tj
7.4383 0 0 7.5001 69.08 233.75 Tm
(Z.P. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.2112 0 0 7.5001 82.98 233.75 Tm
(Babnt, )Tj
-0.0141 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 108.67 233.75 Tm
(B.H. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.8736 0 0 7.5001 124.7 233.75 Tm
(Oh )Tj
-0.0188 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 136.69 233.75 Tm
(\(1983\), )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.6957 0 0 7.5001 160 233.75 Tm
(in )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 8.0858 0 0 8.2 168.45 233.75 Tm
(Symp. )Tj
7.3659 0 0 8.2 189.28 233.75 Tm
(on )Tj
7.5229 0 0 8.2 198.55 233.75 Tm
(The )Tj
7.7466 0 0 8.2 211.5 233.75 Tm
(Interaction )Tj
-0.0252 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 245.67 233.75 Tm
(of )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.978 0 0 8.2 253.01 233.75 Tm
(Non-Nuclear )Tj
-0.0322 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 294.07 233.75 Tm
(Munitions )Tj
-0.035 Tc 8.0578 0 0 8.2 327.78 233.75 Tm
(with )Tj
8.0648 0 0 8.2 343.41 233.75 Tm
(Structures, )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
6.9799 0 0 7.5001 378.21 233.75 Tm
(US )Tj
7.2601 0 0 7.5001 389.01 233.75 Tm
(Air )Tj
0.0115 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 69.07 224.87 Tm
(Force )Tj
0.0217 Tc 2.563 0 Td
(Academy, )Tj
0.0306 Tc 4.439 0 Td
(Colorado, )Tj
0.0241 Tc 4.487 0 Td
(49-55. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.2412 0 0 7.5001 56.93 215.99 Tm
([6\) )Tj
7.2833 0 0 7.5001 69.08 215.99 Tm
(Z.P. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.295 0 0 7.5001 82.5 215.99 Tm
(Bdant, )Tj
0.0281 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 108.19 215.99 Tm
(P.e. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5704 0 0 7.5001 122.11 215.99 Tm
(Prat )Tj
-0.0242 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 137.41 215.99 Tm
(\(1988\). )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.2502 0 0 10.3 159.54 215.99 Tm
(J. )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.0252 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 165.99 215.99 Tm
(of )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.602 0 0 8.2 173.32 215.99 Tm
(Eng. )Tj
7.6717 0 0 8.2 188.94 215.99 Tm
(Meek )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
-0.0275 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 207.09 215.99 Tm
(ASCE, )Tj
0.0118 Tc 2.975 0 Td
(114\(10\),1672-1702. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.2412 0 0 7.5001 57.17 207.35 Tm
([7\) )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
-0.0068 Tc 7.8001 0 0 7.8001 69.13 207.35 Tm
(I. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0161 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 75.26 207.35 Tm
(Carol, )Tj
-0.0286 Tc 2.792 0 Td
(Z.P. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.2112 0 0 7.5001 110.1 207.35 Tm
(Babnt, )Tj
0.0281 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 135.55 207.35 Tm
(P.e. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5704 0 0 7.5001 149.71 207.35 Tm
(Prat )Tj
-0.0188 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 164.53 207.35 Tm
(\(1992\). )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 8.0217 0 0 8.2 187.5 207.35 Tm
(Int. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.7471 0 0 9.6 199.62 207.35 Tm
(J. )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
7.3718 0 0 8.2 206.13 207.35 Tm
(Sol. )Tj
8.1464 0 0 8.2 219.09 207.35 Tm
(Struct., )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0391 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 242.8 207.35 Tm
(in )Tj
0.021 Tc 1.097 0 Td
(press. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.2412 0 0 7.5001 57.17 198.71 Tm
([8\) )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
-0.0068 Tc 7.8001 0 0 7.8001 69.13 198.71 Tm
(I. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0097 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 75.26 198.71 Tm
(Carol, )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.4383 0 0 7.5001 96.2 198.71 Tm
(Z.P. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.2112 0 0 7.5001 110.1 198.71 Tm
(Bdant, )Tj
0.0281 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 135.55 198.71 Tm
(P.e. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5704 0 0 7.5001 149.47 198.71 Tm
(Prat )Tj
-0.0188 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 164.53 198.71 Tm
(\(1991\). )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.2502 0 0 9.9 186.9 198.71 Tm
(J. )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
7.7377 0 0 8.2 193.48 198.71 Tm
(Eng. )Tj
7.6849 0 0 8.2 209.1 198.71 Tm
(Meek. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
-0.0195 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 229.17 198.71 Tm
(ASCE, )Tj
-0.0161 Tc 2.975 0 Td
(117\(10\), )Tj
0.0084 Tc 3.517 0 Td
(2429-2448. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.0149 0 0 7.5001 57.41 189.83 Tm
([9\) )Tj
-0.0172 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 68.82 189.83 Tm
(J.G.M. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.8049 0 0 7.5001 90.93 189.83 Tm
(van )Tj
0.0389 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 104.83 189.83 Tm
(Mier )Tj
-0.0242 Tc 2.296 0 Td
(\(1984\). )Tj
0.0427 Tc 3.048 0 Td
(Ph. )Tj
-0.0274 Tc 1.664 0 Td
(D. )Tj
0.0335 Tc 1.179 0 Td
(dissertation, )Tj
-0.001 Tc 5.512 0 Td
(Univ. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5122 0 0 7.5001 226.23 189.83 Tm
(of )Tj
0.0365 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 234.42 189.83 Tm
(Eindhoven, )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.6259 0 0 7.5001 272.8 189.83 Tm
(The )Tj
0.0446 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 287.29 189.83 Tm
(Netherlands. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3939 0 0 7.5001 53.8 181.18 Tm
([10\) )Tj
7.2833 0 0 7.5001 69.32 181.18 Tm
(Z.P. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6102 0 0 7.5001 82.74 181.18 Tm
(Babnt )Tj
-0.0242 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 106.45 181.18 Tm
(\(1989\). )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 7.6947 0 0 8.2 129.42 181.18 Tm
(MathematiaU )Tj
7.822 0 0 8.2 171.42 181.18 Tm
(Modelling )Tj
-0.0252 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 203.19 181.18 Tm
(of )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3308 0 0 8.2 210.56 181.18 Tm
(Creep )Tj
7.9371 0 0 8.2 228.65 181.18 Tm
(and )Tj
7.8044 0 0 8.2 241.89 181.18 Tm
(Shrinkage )Tj
-0.0252 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 272.79 181.18 Tm
(of )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.5545 0 0 8.2 279.91 181.18 Tm
(Concrete. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0237 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 309.06 181.18 Tm
(John )Tj
-0.0247 Tc 2.275 0 Td
(Wiley. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3939 0 0 7.5001 54.28 172.79 Tm
([11\) )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
-0.0068 Tc 7.8001 0 0 7.8001 69.61 172.79 Tm
(I. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0097 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 76.46 172.79 Tm
(Carol, )Tj
0.0174 Tc 2.951 0 Td
(P.e. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5704 0 0 7.5001 113.23 172.79 Tm
(Prat )Tj
-0.0242 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 129.25 172.79 Tm
(\(1990\), )Tj
0.0391 Tc 3.14 0 Td
(in )Tj
/C0_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 3.6185 0 0 7.4401 161.99 172.79 Tm
<0043006F006D00700075007400650072007E00690064006500640020>Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 7.944 0 0 8.2 211.13 172.79 Tm
(analysis )Tj
7.9371 0 0 8.2 237.29 172.79 Tm
(and )Tj
7.7374 0 0 8.2 250.98 172.79 Tm
(design )Tj
0.0041 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 272.55 172.79 Tm
(of )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.5483 0 0 8.2 280.48 172.79 Tm
(concrete )Tj
8.1416 0 0 8.2 307.21 172.79 Tm
(structures, )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0199 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 341.77 172.79 Tm
(N. )Tj
0.0021 Tc 1.4 0 Td
(Bicanic )Tj
0.036 Tc 3.353 0 Td
(and )Tj
-0.035 Tc 6.999 0 0 7.5001 391.63 172.79 Tm
(H. )Tj
0.0475 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 69.79 164.15 Tm
(Mang )Tj
0.0082 Tc 2.68 0 Td
(\(eds.\), )Tj
0.0433 Tc 2.856 0 Td
(Pineridge )Tj
0.0283 Tc 4.352 0 Td
(Press )Tj
0.0234 Tc 6.9001 0 0 6.9001 162.62 164.15 Tm
(\(UK\), )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.7786 0 0 7.5001 181.65 164.15 Tm
(vol2, )Tj
0.0083 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 201.02 164.15 Tm
(919-930. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3148 0 0 7.5001 54.13 155.26 Tm
(\(12\) )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
-0.0068 Tc 7.8001 0 0 7.8001 69.37 155.26 Tm
(I. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0161 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 75.98 155.26 Tm
(Carol, )Tj
0.0281 Tc 2.887 0 Td
(P.e. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5704 0 0 7.5001 112.27 155.26 Tm
(Prat )Tj
-0.0242 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 127.81 155.26 Tm
(\(1991\), )Tj
0.0071 Tc 3.14 0 Td
(in )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 7.5657 0 0 8.2 159.88 155.26 Tm
(Fracture )Tj
7.4709 0 0 8.2 186.95 155.26 Tm
(processes )Tj
7.6135 0 0 8.2 216.13 155.26 Tm
(in )Tj
7.9307 0 0 8.2 224.32 155.26 Tm
(brittle )Tj
7.6201 0 0 8.2 244.26 155.26 Tm
(disordered )Tj
7.8015 0 0 8.2 276.9 155.26 Tm
(materials, )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
-0.0108 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 307.62 155.26 Tm
(J.G.M. )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.8049 0 0 7.5001 330.69 155.26 Tm
(van )Tj
0.0389 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 345.31 155.26 Tm
(Mier )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.6775 0 0 7.5001 362.54 155.26 Tm
(et )Tj
0.0005 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 370.94 155.26 Tm
(al. )Tj
0.0047 Tc 6.6 0 0 6.6 380.78 155.26 Tm
(\(ed5.\), )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.6545 0 0 7.5001 69.26 146.87 Tm
(Chapman )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 5.6744 0 0 7.5001 102.87 146.87 Tm
(&: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0225 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 110.11 146.87 Tm
(Hall. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3148 0 0 7.5001 54.13 137.99 Tm
(\(13\) )Tj
0.0174 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 69.79 137.99 Tm
(P.e. )Tj
0.0351 Tc 1.824 0 Td
(Prat, )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
-0.0068 Tc 7.8001 0 0 7.8001 100.33 137.99 Tm
(I. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0161 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 106.22 137.99 Tm
(Carol, )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3746 0 0 8 127.39 137.99 Tm
(R. )Tj
0.049 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 135.99 137.99 Tm
(Gettu )Tj
-0.0188 Tc 2.621 0 Td
(\(1991\), )Tj
0.0391 Tc 3.108 0 Td
(in )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.035 Tc 7.8526 0 0 8.2 187.02 137.99 Tm
(Mixed-Mode )Tj
7.5657 0 0 8.2 226.36 137.99 Tm
(Fracture )Tj
7.7682 0 0 8.2 252.89 137.99 Tm
(and )Tj
7.7276 0 0 8.2 265.48 137.99 Tm
(Fatigue, )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
-0.0236 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 291.55 137.99 Tm
(H.P. )Tj
0.0378 Tc 2.016 0 Td
(Rossmanith )Tj
0.0044 Tc 5.304 0 Td
(\(ed.\), )Tj
-0.0096 Tc 2.409 0 Td
(Wien. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3148 0 0 7.5001 54.13 129.35 Tm
(\(14\) )Tj
0.0064 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 69.55 129.35 Tm
(H.A. )Tj
0.0248 Tc 2.272 0 Td
(Kormeling, )Tj
-0.0139 Tc 5.056 0 Td
(H.W. )Tj
0.0439 Tc 2.4 0 Td
(Reinhardt )Tj
-0.0242 Tc 4.504 0 Td
(\(1983\). )Tj
0.0327 Tc 3.048 0 Td
(Report )Tj
0.038 Tc 3.127 0 Td
(5-83-18, )Tj
0.0275 Tc 3.867 0 Td
(Stevin )Tj
0.0018 Tc 2.957 0 Td
(Lab., )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.7332 0 0 7.5001 290.79 129.35 Tm
(TV )Tj
0.0101 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 303.07 129.35 Tm
(Delft, )Tj
0.0477 Tc 2.588 0 Td
(The )Tj
0.0388 Tc 1.9 0 Td
(Netherlands. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3148 0 0 7.5001 53.89 120.94 Tm
(\(15\) )Tj
-0.0116 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 68.82 120.94 Tm
(J.G. )Tj
0.0088 Tc 1.857 0 Td
(Rots )Tj
-0.0188 Tc 2.104 0 Td
(\(1988\). )Tj
0.0103 Tc 3.112 0 Td
(Ph.D. )Tj
0.0383 Tc 2.561 0 Td
(thesis )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.5895 0 0 7.5001 161.42 120.94 Tm
(at )Tj
7.5575 0 0 7.5001 168.88 120.94 Tm
(TV )Tj
-0.0251 Tc 8 0 0 8 181.14 120.94 Tm
(Delft, )Tj
0.05 Tc 7.6259 0 0 7.5001 200.32 120.94 Tm
(The )Tj
0.0417 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 214.57 120.94 Tm
(Netherlands. )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.3939 0 0 7.5001 53.8 112.31 Tm
([16\) )Tj
7.4383 0 0 7.5001 69.32 112.31 Tm
(Z.P. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.2112 0 0 7.5001 82.98 112.31 Tm
(Babnt, )Tj
-0.035 Tc 6.6698 0 0 7.5001 108.43 112.31 Tm
(P. )Tj
0.0433 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 115.35 112.31 Tm
(Gambarova )Tj
-0.0188 Tc 5.245 0 Td
(\(1984\). )Tj
0 Tc 9.9 0 0 9.9 177.52 112.31 Tm
(J )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
-0.0323 Tc 8.2 0 0 8.2 182.13 112.31 Tm
(Struc )Tj
-0.035 Tc 7.5726 0 0 8.2 200.2 112.31 Tm
(Eng )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
-0.0195 Tc 7.5001 0 0 7.5001 214.05 112.31 Tm
(ASCE, )Tj
-0.0154 Tc 2.975 0 Td
(110\(9\), )Tj
0.0084 Tc 3.037 0 Td
(2015-2035. )Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
118 0 obj
<>/Filter/CCITTFaxDecode/Height 2796/Length 60312/Name/background5/Subtype/Image/Type/XObject/Width 1846>>stream
jը,:̡Ga &|]W^kkzZ>ZKa+Iz]Zf-HZĂ4ZKSZ]vմSpA&i_phRgQ]@dvfDڢ-2yFANjLgzvF@C!
vjU25O:̊\n
}=փϠæMnwtws#ZUA~8gؚ#~A"7ۂ"c3f3< fd ̆18GQNir2NM\Ό8ScA `<3`Aϒ3='gH3%Qq,fq՚R^`Ȃ$g",00䇚q>080MNFË Ӵ445PXDPƩ0a84B300!(fもpذ3 Aa0#-& aLٞ\gE=Dc^N(ݰqD>須8Lv5^a4h0T*;
464|cA~ÖM N6ܻ;۲,d.=#xj(O yH.z&Soֶx'
aۗN--D?Rz
`2yi릤pN:UNzo;$u}*~(/dvGG
v̼%q mdcIEw!^4GZ~[mЏN?ثӷIt#t
`p]nA:&M>OIᓝD_.Vzk
cUC6XںC[OZzx~_c;/_NtO{>쎕{_/P}4B1kT[U-LL-#}ޖƽzkDo~ w~ߺ,}a~_\?C([(crAqm#wHPi0ui~sUzW?c꿯ڏU{OZ0C~~W1=_zKu<7봿]{mVZV}_o}^}ߥcյoƷ'{g&mo5]/k6ٚabAŧӊv bШi!i_" N+=ýSa{۵id[|_w
c`i)91]n-h'ӮB-n lUv6A{ /vNӶ)&M{"ǽM]?dGXkr(2Py|d0>vF6_𝋊!w}{=ZM'xL _AE
e ѫ ae0B!$
-80Diᢈ
0d#vAu)SO"&C
a0DDCDAA|D0@Јa"8)H(!
\XO"4""""4#uKDN{_ :רRЁD-iPwl%j0
>WTH_REL*UOonMt{mm#Dxtf֏\dNuPuKs!)hϙ0D0c'h4L aR 0!`#r#7 a60"?&AZ*P#M0XM0AQC&AiaVk-$9
Cc!cU$n#nN(O-v Ckwh&H:'wD
y
8dqA ӤNpYZUQzz+$M8h'
4==zq\WOzC{ߴH/k[ AhaC`ٰN?<_^#p!Z\Ewu}ktFKx^0\u_H?_7xiTJ&8/bD#kmԑ]Avavg>U_@[vV{EC>nr'{;kan.f&->8ӈamkq]x틋M;cv SUQpa.Ndp\-C^$o Ww"++d Fa4ЦAa2 B! ija0ai#!!hDT@0DCD0It"t!DDDDFbCQ[F@qHC8)qA3.#Tqt/;;\)MQ#2P`yQwl&ۧa]=õabZ鿛|&0FpwÅ?ipHQ;,-n?0D6u"x2r37A"όЌђl:$=,b;
אCS<% ai Ҵ!aAHFɸ#\fhˑ 4)933bGo%DKϑ hh(A0@N3\sAGA͒hd'ӋU40B"PKn,`A xa04A00@ό F x3ń
=\ 摽CzA7D;VF?KB
SN,&hZ!a4.0C4-
5
zaS "%2;k6YMAݥiґA8m$>B:D>
L~څL~=v]N蝶]^nHQ8Tio۫Lkݑt'IM;%m'%'dA'zz
m"AunbTr;$A!T3yӺN+W_OOi뭄#8E;dvuN8[ۭuIڼ!gү:~~R}EE[^mc*D_OQNa_UWD/?>_ ?x/?q[J?!m7}x/xU۵m~i#_$>$_}[MW_[7}v[o֗a;M;NTPB¦ƝlZ{TX#
[-z[G4awȄ7cM4;9CU-§{[MTN&z
c d8dInLa;L'r!)ŧ&PG80lq80 Ѝwy58a{ BdH%w4&D[O V( *!۱m)M)&XF C#veL@0UaaLB,4!5M0DE<T !Ѣiat2PJ0[PiAdXȣ""0B""""иhDCBC0B"M4"j0
I!0DAYCh;է|DDDDDDDDd۩!iMjMҗq.=
4ZNDadlB\BkaSM4iAM7qа!`\a8ȹC(&vpA
X 6!kiaE)ιiqW$(h|7q4#5Pia40iJT-M&l~\4Nɾ\POƂmयO=tNY!";.N6l2+w}ˊ'dǻZ'nN:kcդ]ˌՆK$*s;ڵh/v'ޛvwwI/iþd#鴝n_v{AZo;$}-^d+t[տt5#W}T.t^JUB铫5CzNNz!5:C#(_~znǺ~J~f^V_?7xͅk??C6}}{}u[;O%kBO-;WߪU_w%CD{&~}dO o{C+_J)2wg]@<}z|_KJ[kt1ݥ]+_ߴOoo鯤
md[]-[wdtV^zWչ'x_.o=nNNv -wi\0J-[982;N%<8pv/MlZ}$;t&ؤ)bc R&Ŧ mM#*Ka&ۭ;{lZ.->iC 6q7k_wt|:"L>BmqmNA
T իib4rVdE!$;B!a BA!i< kMGOwm4dp%ᄵB." :NIe4'DD6Ã
28!;p@ hDAhC84l6lavvRq!"B"""&QDXL+J #Ѓ*?WJ"4
UTGL:M2dEsTvJD#kɩ"0&zi
LQWPz|c«i>r
s\k:'dZn@Cھ;_L4r1Cg!lfGep8DY"̔дU~\#TZf,Ўƶ;̡nιF% `L4"&p@A<&fg
K02CC#B30(Aa;6Am"qh$2!9(G>0\eAfq͞3lD$v
B
M40!zihXA/aa
p`>0Ş@MQXBT! ił,g {j]9
MNջS^;DǦi
~ӐhXO,^j@ӣd|6Aywᒲ+DQ<+wiJ.Ȯv䞉2p"ږA;h?toCDmnz$O'w ߄EziÇA twiAҹ+LM vEzPh8dQ%%yv)mߑG'tRVI]&=tdۧ4mS@ˑzN?NӪӤ8S[OVɌݧ`|'dn§yy[~W?u~ӯCiVc]?U6zNŽ!o3^߯l+I8^_
kޛ>c_]^Ox_@zx??x_tN]m/}x/__x__ۯ/0_`'}~Ȏ?z? F1J+oC]i# _P/$)'=_[UݯU /< ӺɎTVߑ_Kl-_/1_n҈M6`ҊN5wkOpwzwm~_]?ggoGM6a4жA6
*BbO `'vi܃eݥkimկwZ?;5$؇iƿvS!ҿ~[vi6- ㈻N;a